Hum 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet

College of Phoenix Material Media Convergence Worksheet Write brief 250-to 300-word answers to every one of the accompanying: QuestionsAnswers What is implied by the term media intermingling as to innovation, and how has it influenced regular day to day existence? The term media assembly concerning innovation is characterized as a procedure of joining together the broadcast communications and PCs and transforming them into one electronic or computerized form.The media union has influenced our regular day to day existence as we probably am aware it from various perspectives, you would now be able to sit in front of the network shows, tune in to music and shop web based utilizing your PC all without leaving the security of your home. Utilizing the PC you can likewise impart utilizing the email, or visit alternative on the PC, dispensing with the need to call from your telephone. Facebook is another choice that permits you to stay aware of loved ones, while knowing where they are at all times.The web is a performing multiple tasks bit of gear that has supplanted numerous types of correspondences. Hard back books have been supplanted with digital books, which can be electronically downloaded from your PC. The manner in which we sit in front of the TV has additionally changed, there are such a large number of things that we can do through the TV. You can program your home lights and cautions from you phone through the TV. You can likewise convey through you TV to other people, trading the requirement for a telephone.The TV and the web are only two instances of media union, that has changed the manner in which we shop, impart, tune in to music, watch the news and teach ourselves, it should all be possible utilizing the PC and associating with the web. Individuals in reality live on the web and are getting less social, on the grounds that there is no compelling reason to leave their home for anything. What is implied by the term media intermingling as to business, and how has it influenced ordinary life?The term media union concerning business is the mix of figuring and data preparing with media transmission systems gave from magazines, music, and amusement programs. This uniting joins figuring, interchanges and substance. A model would be content that has been changed through various types of conveyance, computerized structures are transmitted through broadband or remote for survey on PC s or comparative gear, mobile phones, individual advanced aides, to video recorders that associated with TV (technology).Business enterprises (media, innovation, and media transmission) have joined and grown new thoughts that can expand benefit from the consumers’ developing requirement for â€Å"on request content†. Numerous investigators see media assembly as consummation of the old media and ascent of the new media (industry). A portion of the numerous progressions that have influenced our lives because of media combinations in the business are the manner in which we see data, the manner in which we do ordinary assignments and our worth system.As an outcome we presently have PDA or individual computerized associates this gadget is a compact electronic note pad/PC that store data, keeps notes, locations, updates, and has a schedule. It is a smaller than expected PC that permits you to everything that you can do with a PC utilizing a pointer instead of the console. It fits in your pocket or tote and individuals depend on this gadget so as to work in regular day to day existence. The cell phone is additionally a gadget that individuals depend on and they couldn't perform straightforward obligations without it.You can message, email, talk, shop, watch motion pictures, mess around, use face book and twitter all from the advanced mobile phone. This takes out a one on one conversation with a companion or relative and removes the individual bit of non-verbal communication and having eye to eye discussion. What are a portion of th e issues that outcome from reliance on present day media? Depict at any rate three issues. A portion of the issues that outcome from reliance on current media are the expansion of getting pulled back from society, the loss of social abilities and individual associations with companions, family and other cherished ones.Another issue that can emerge because of reliance is the opportunity of turning out to be what is known as a â€Å"media junkie† where the cutting edge media takes inclination over whatever else (putting some distance between the real world). The phone has removed our capacity to appropriately speak with one another by utilizing slang and shortenings instead of legitimate English. Individuals are getting less dynamic, less noticeable, and trusting with one another. Studies have demonstrated that â€Å"gamers† or individuals who mess around (game competitions) over the web for quite a long time and hours ceaselessly are probably going to lose social skills .People with addictions or reliance on present day media are like those of a medication someone who is addicted. It has been appeared to create pain and disconnection in numerous individuals who are denied from these gadgets. I believe that this a significant worry for guardians of understudies and this more youthful age. Reliance on present day media has caused up to rely upon cell phones to read a clock as opposed to wearing a watch. We text each other to impart instead of utilizing the telephone to talk, and rather than viewing the new we go to confront book for the most recent data, supplanting the family time together watching television.These are only a couple of instances of the issues that outcomes from the reliance on present day media. How does media education help with capable media utilization? Media proficiency assists people with building up an educated understanding the nature regarding broad communications. This mindfulness will set you up to settle on savvier choice concerning issues that are confronting our general public, aftereffects of reliance, advancement of inadmissible conduct and misusing individual issues for benefit and different major issues that can emerge because of media consumption.The measure of accessible data is overpowering and media deliberately advances perilous tricks, viciousness, even sex entertainment. The media impacts our general public through this data and corrupts our virtues, social qualities, and honesty. Media has formed the manner in which we live, think, impart and our ways of life. We have vehicles that can leave themselves, we speed date, we date on the web, from connections on the web, and the media has assumed a job in every last bit of it. Media utilization is essential to keep us from falling into the catch of turning out to be separated and less social.

Developmental Profile free essay sample

This crucial relationship decidedly impacts a childs physical, mental, and passionate prosperity. It is profoundly esteemed by a great many American families. The film, Big Daddy, is an about a little fellow that has been sent back to live with his natural dad. He didn't have the foggiest idea about that he had a child, yet discovered not long after his mom died and the kid was brought to his home. The dad, played by Adam Sandler, assumes on the liability of raising the five-year-old young man. In the film, he receives a tolerant child rearing style and permits the youngster to settle on his own choices and rules. He doesn't give his child limits or rules. The film delineates that not having rules, rules or parental desires will bring about the kid settling on the correct choices for himself all alone. In any case, both our reading material and research demonstrates that despite the fact that these kind of guardians will in general be warm and steady with their youngsters, not defining rules and limits for kids to follow for the most part brings about kids who are insubordinate, rash and oppressive. We will compose a custom article test on Formative Profile or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Adam Sandler doesn't disapprove of his child, which is a primary quality of a tolerant style parent. Sandler was basically an asset for his child as opposed to a good example that ought to impart what is normal from his child. Tolerant style child rearing over a significant stretch of time will bring about youngsters that may experience issues with discretion and show egocentric inclinations that can meddle with appropriate improvement of companion connections. Later in the film, the kid displays his first indications of disobedience due to Sandler’s sort of child rearing; when requesting that his child accomplish something, the child over and over says what he needs and doesn’t acknowledge any arranging. Sandler yields. I decided to likewise investigate the film, Stepmom. It portrays the issue with joining families with guardians who contrast in their child rearing styles. The two families control and show similar kids, yet they can repudiate each other simultaneously. Numerous binuclear families run in to this child rearing issue when they choose to remarry. There are numerous scenes from the film that comprise of Julia Roberts, the progression mother, and Susanne Sarandon, the mother, contending because of contrasts in the manner in which they might want to bring up the little girl. The film appeared to be sensible and indicated watchers precisely what binuclear families are compelled to settle on. Openness is of the utmost importance for resolve these issues. In the scene that I have decided to show the class, the two moms are both paying special mind to the wellbeing of their little girl. They are both really worried about her, however have various feelings about the manner in which things ought to be taken care of. To spare the girl from disarray, I feel that it ought to be significant that guardians cooperate and keep an open line of correspondence. This will empower their girl to get limits and have a sense of safety about her own dynamic. As indicated by our book, it regularly gets distressing in a family when guardians don't concur on the best way to parent. The two guardians ought to recognize, regard and worth the child rearing jobs and assignments of the other parent. The Blind Side was another film that delineates the significance of a positive parent-kid relationship. This film shows the distinction that parent association and parental commitment can make in a child’s life. Prior to meeting the Touhy family, Michael was the aftereffect of uninvolved, careless child rearing. He was the 6th kid out of the twelve that she had. His folks were not worried about his needs, whereabouts or encounters at school. His dad had left well before he was conceived and his mom was progressively worried about medications and battling for herself instead of her kids. At the point when Michael joined the Touhy family, his enthusiastic needs were at last being met. Their family gave him the security, love, trust, warmth and confidence that he had been missing. As delineated in the film, Mrs. Touhy turned out to be engaged with Michael’s life. She took a functioning enthusiasm for what was happening with school. At the point when she saw that he was battling, she immediately got him the assistance he required. As indicated by our course book, kids who have a sense of safety and safe will investigate and learn all the more promptly. Beginning with a base of security, Mrs. Touhy could additionally improve Michael’s advancement by giving scholarly incitement. She urged him to set objectives, try sincerely and remain concentrated on the prize. With utilization of order strategies gained from the sport of football, Mrs. Touhy helped Michael build up the discretion that will empower him to be effective with anything he does. There are such huge numbers of reasons why the parent-kid relationship is so significant during advancement. I accept that motion pictures can educate and move great child rearing, yet they can likewise be ridiculous and wrong. Media has a colossal impact in the dynamic procedure of everybody. The clasps that I have picked, I feel, have demonstrated genuine instances of various child rearing styles and the estimation of good child rearing. Steinberg, L. (2001). We know a few things: Adolescent-parent connections everything considered and prospect. Diary of Research on Adolescence, 11, 1-19.

How Audiobooks Helped Me Through My Postpartum Depression Reading Slump

How Audiobooks Helped Me Through My Postpartum Depression Reading Slump Pre-baby, I read 100â€"150 books a year. Of course I knew my life would change once my daughter was bornâ€"I expected a decrease in my readingâ€"but what I didnt expect was the depression. Sure, I knew postpartum depression was a thing, and I knew it could affect anyone, yet still I didnt expect it to happen to me. I wanted my baby so much. Why would I experience depression? (Cue hormonal changes.) With the depression, my reading didnt just decrease, it almost stopped altogether. In the month of Marians birth, I read three tiny books. The same goes for January. And February. In my mind, any moment not spent on Marianâ€"even when she was sleepingâ€"made me a bad mother. I felt overwhelming guilt over every moment to myself. I tried to convince myself it was the baby blues, and would soon be over. I told no one, except my husband, how I felt. But as the weeks turned into months and I still felt overwhelmingly depressed and guilty, I finally reached out and sought help. Now, with the aid of medication, I feel as close to normal as a new mom with a seven-month-old can feel. And I can read again. Once the medicine kicked in, I realized I missed my books. But at the time, Marian was resisting naps except when I took her on walks. Only then would she sleep. I also started working two days a week. So when and how to read? Audiobooks were an obvious answer, so I went to my fellow Book Riot contributors for recommendations, and they, as always, had suggestions. I started with The Clothing of Books, a collection of essays  by Jhumpa Lahiri that explores her thoughts on her book covers. I then read Shrill by Lindy West and Born with Teeth by Kate Mulgrew. But what really helped bring me out of my reading slump and make me feel something not pertaining to my baby again was We Are Never Meeting in Real Life by Samantha Irby. Samantha Irby reads the audiobook and is so self-deprecatingly funny and honest; it was exactly what I needed. I laughed at her stories about her cat Helen Keller, I cried when she related her experiences growing up with a disabled mother, I cringed at her descriptions of Crohns disease. I became caught up in her story and hours passed at work where I didnt feel guilty or obsess over my little one. I listened while taking Marian on walks, using the speaker on my phone rather than headphones in case she needed me. At one point, right when Irby began describing the first time she used a strap on, a group of middle school girls started walking beside me and I had to desperately fumble for the pause button. But hey, it was probably a lot more interesting to them than whatever theyre reading in middle school. ?? Samantha Irby and I have very little in common. But she made me feel like a human again. I went on to listen to Meaty, Educated, The Sun Does Shine, and The Poet X. These books transported me into different perspectives, helped me empathize and, through listening to others stories, heal. I also listened to Eloquent Rage, So You Want to Talk About Race, and Being Mortal. These audiobooks allowed me to question and deepen my way of thinking and being in the world. To work on myself. Of course, I read many books every day to my daughter, but I needed to expand my own way of thinking, not just hers. Contributor Jaime Herndon had a similar experience as mine, except instead of turning to audiobooks, she found solace in comic books. Whatever the way, books can help heal, as theyve proven to me before. I started reading print books again too. The years halfway over, and Ive read 40 books. I probably still wont reach my norm of 100â€"150 books, but thats okay. I never expected to, and thats not the point. The point is, Im doing something I love again. And Im happier for it. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Social Networking Sites Are Destroying Our Society

As the year’s progress, technology becomes more and more advanced. There are more resources and programs that people can use on a daily basis, one of those being social networking sites. Social networking sites are mainly known as positive resources but many may not know the damages it can create. There are various dangers that come along with those networking sites, some that people may not even know it is occurring. These dangers are more commonly found in teenagers because they are more susceptible to it, especially when it comes to technology and being online. Social networking sites are destroying our society, mainly teens, causing them to become acquainted with these dangers known as: addiction to being online, prevention of face to face interaction, and construction of false identity for themselves. Most people believe these networks did not exist until quite recently but they began in the 1980s even before the internet. According to the article, â€Å"Introduction to Online Social Networking: Current Controversies† it was then called â€Å"computer conferencing†. It did not affect many people during that time period because most of them did not have computers at home and those who did would get charged every minute spent online with slow access to it compared to today. In the article it states, â€Å"there was, to be sure, one form of online communication popular among teens who owned computers in the 1980s: local electronic bulletin board systems (BBSs). These systems were free;Show MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects932 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever wondered why social media is so defective in your life, or why parents tell their children to stay off of social media? Social networking is unquestionably deficient for you physically, emotionally, and mentally. So when your parents ask you to stop checking your phone every five seconds you might want to listen. The majority of social networking users are teens or young ad ults(20’s). These people are, somehow, figuring out how to gain access to their phones at work, in the car whileRead MoreHow Social Networking Affects The Students And The Environment985 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Internet and mobile technology seems to be subtly destroying the meaningfulness of interactions we have with others, disconnecting us from the world around us, and leading to an imminent sense of isolation in today’s society† (Nilles, 2012). The ‘real world’ in my considerations is decades ago we used to go in person to speak to someone yet now with enhanced technology we can address to someone with one click through social networking sites. We send wishes, information and condolences all throughRead MoreWhy Social Networks Have Done More Harm Than Good in Our Society1366 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology in our society has become more dominant than it was in the 17th and 18th century. Today, technology is used for almost everything in our day to day lives. But the most common usage of technology is for communication and industrialization. However, every good thing has its disadvantage if it is over used, and since technology has become very dominant, it is used by both young and older people but more predominant among the youth of the today. Even more, technology has brought about social networkingRead MoreSocial Media Can Destroy Socialization849 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Media Can Destroy Socialization Science and technology has become a catalyst for human development. In recent years, the introduction of computers and the internet has dramatically changed the way we live and interact. From medical discoveries to transportation innovation, information access to space exploration, the internet provided most of the changes in our society at least in the last two decades. However, one possible outcome of such modification may be seen negatively as social networkingRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society924 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media is said to be the cornerstone for communications between everyone in the world. Social media refers to the interaction among individuals in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in cyber communities and networks. Social media sites negatively affect society by destroying an individual’s ability for independent thinking; consequently, these sites should be banned. There are many psychological effects, constan t distraction social media provides for people, andRead MoreTeachnology Makes Life Easier820 Words   |  4 PagesSince the beginning of the new century, technology has become the focus of our society. We are continually trying to push barriers of technology for the purpose of making our lives easier. Shattering these barriers have a revolutionized our lifestyle to the point where it has changed the convention methods of communication, and created ways for us to be more efficient in complete the simple task of cleaning our house to the creation of skyscrapers. . One of the great debates of technology is technologyRead MoreSocial Medi Destroying The American Youth Of Today Essay736 Words   |  3 Pages2014 Social Media Social media might be destroying the American youth of today. Social media are several websites and applications created so people may commutate, collaborate, or share information through social networking. Enough though social media sounds great, there are big issues such as, cyber bullying, lower grades, and wasting an incredible amount of time. These are things we should all be cautious about when we allow younger folks enter the world of social media. Initially, social mediaRead MorePro And Cons Of Social Media1168 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Networking, More Like Social NOTworking Picture this, you just got the greatest haircut of your life. Feeling good, you take a selfie and post it on Instagram with the caption, â€Å"Feelin’ good.† A few hours later, you get a notification that someone commented on your picture. That comment reads, â€Å"You’re feeling good about THAT haircut? LOL!† You were just a victim of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is one of the many negative effects of social networking and social media on teens, and could createRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Children s Youth1669 Words   |  7 Pagesvulnerable to the dangers technology brings. In the field of Communications we used technology to broaden our ways to communicate with individuals and society as a whole. Mass media uses social networking sites as a way to keep in contact with their audience and However, as we echnology has altered the way life was once lived where youth relied on themselves and others to communicate and solve social, mental, and personal problems now, youth now depend on the touch of a button to communicate and solveRead MoreThe Change in Language Due to Social Media 1208 Words   |  5 Pagesfast development of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook, that has took place over the last 3-4 years, is indicative of its entry into our personal lives. Social media has led to the most significant changes in the way we communicate with each other and the linguistics we currently utilise. Phone texting over social media is also a rapid expansion in which it influences young individuals to use short phrases to conserve less time. In general social networking is wide-reaching rebellion

The Evolution Of Video Games - 1164 Words

The Evolution of Video Games FULL OUTLINE Specific Purpose: To inform my guidance about the evolution of video games. Central Idea: Video games have evolved over time as technology has advanced from 8-bit 2D graphics to the high quality of games they have become today. Introduction: I. As a kid we all had that favorite video game, whether it was Super Mario Bros., Pokà ©mon, or Crash Bandicoot. II. As we have grown up we have watched the video games we used to play evolve to what is out there now and then turn to previews of what is upcoming in video games. III. With each new generation of game consoles along come new games that grew to be very popular. A. A game to represent the past is Super Mario Brothers. B. A game to show off†¦show more content†¦A. It was the first home video game console system. 1. 12 Games were included with each system. 2. Customers could buy extra games by packs of 6 or individually. B. A few months later, in November of 1972 Pong was created. 1. Allan Alcorn, a worker of Atari, created Pong which was the first video game that had great success. 2. Pong was created based on an idea from in the game Magnavox Odyssey. 3. Because of this, Atari had a lawsuit filed against them, but was later handled. C. The best-selling gaming console of its time, would be the NES, also known as the Nintendo Entertainment System. 1. It was also named by IGN the â€Å"single greatest video game console in history. 2. The NES has a 72 pin design that you would plug into the system to play games. 3. The most well-known game for the NES is Super Mario Brothers. 1. Gameplay, graphics, and sound were the best that NES could go. 2. Quoted an article from the Academic Questions, VerBruggen states â€Å"By far, the single biggest factor driving the evolution of video games is technology. For decades—from the earliest games until the early 1990s—almost all video games were two-dimensional.† 3. As technology became more advanced, the games and consoles became more complex into the 3D games today. (Transition: If you don’t remember playing the older games as much, maybe you will recognize some of the games around today.) II. Fast-forwarding to 1994 Sony

Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans Free Essays

string(60) " doing what is right for oneself and for one’s community\." Three of the most popular techniques in use by the counseling profession were examined in relationship to Native American culture and worldview, in order to determine the reasons for their ineffectiveness among these people groups. The results indicate that a lack of understanding and sensitivity to Native American culture and belief systems by counselors may be the major contributing factors in the failure of these methods to produce lasting change. Three alternative methods were then investigated. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Together, these examinations show that cultural sensitivity and an in-depth understanding of belief systems and practices are critical in helping Native Americans heal from historical traumas and affect real transformation within the Native American community. Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling: A Perspective on Native Americans Why is it that many Native Americans fail to benefit from counseling? Why is there such an enormous â€Å"burn-out† rate among counselors who work with this people group? These questions are becoming increasingly more important in the counseling profession. There have been many studies on competencies and practices in multicultural counseling. One such study although dealing primarily with career counseling (Vespia, Fitzpatrick, Fouad, Kantamneni, Chen, 2010), reinforced the necessity for training in developing a counselor’s competency with diverse cultures. Another study which dealt specifically with psychotherapy (Lambert, Smart, Campbell, Hawkins, Harmon, Slade, 2006), echoes this sentiment. However, the cause of ineffectiveness may not necessarily be the incompetence of counselors, but their tendency to use inappropriate methods which fail to consider the unique cultural heritage of Native Americans. These culturally-insensitive methods can sometimes compel clients to violate basic personal values. For example, Native Americans place great emphasis on a harmonious co-existence with nature. If a counselor advocates individual responsibility for mastering the environment, he is, in fact, asking his Native American client to disregard a part of his client’s cultural belief system. Take the case of Robert Red Elk (not his real name), a White Mountain Apache, hired at a manufacturing plant in Phoenix, Arizona. Robert’s supervisor witnessed many instances where Robert’s fellow employees asked to share his lunch or complete their work assignments. Robert never refused and willingly overworked himself (to the point of exhaustion) finishing the tasks of others. Eventually, after several absences from work, Robert was referred to counseling by his supervisor. The counselor, after an initial assessment, enrolled Robert in assertiveness training. The counselor, however, failed to understand one very important aspect of Robert Red Elk’s value system: Native Americans are not individualistic. Their culture places great value on sharing and service. There are over 500 federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States. Each tribe has its own beliefs, customs and traditions. Many Native Americans have left the reservation and know very little of their tribal culture, having assimilated into White society. There are, however, many common threads running through Native American culture and philosophy, which if misunderstood can open a breach between counselor and client that can be difficult to heal. For the purposes of this paper, we will be dealing primarily with Native Americans raised and residing within traditional Indian reservation communities. These individuals have retained much of their cultural identity, as opposed to those who have moved into the cities and have become westernized into the White culture. Nearly every tribe has wide-spread personal and social issues which are threatening lives and creating broken homes and broken people. Compared with other racial and ethnic groups, Native Americans have more serious problems with mental health disorders (Olson Wahab, 2006, p. 19-33). For example, on the Pine Ridge Reservation of the Lakota Sioux, over 50% live below the poverty level. In 2007, the suicide rate there was 3. 2 times that of Whites, between 50% and 90% were unemployed, and the death rate due o alcoholism was 7 times the national average (Diller, 2007). Counselors employ many methods in an attempt to help Native American clients heal from brokenness. This investigation will examine three popular techniques: Free association, cognitive therapy, and behavior modification. In addition, we will discuss why these methods are failing with many Native American clients. First, however, there is a need to explore the average Native American value system. The Native American Value System Silence and Talking. Native Americans believe that listening is the best way to learn. They understand that there are many â€Å"voices† to hear, not merely from other people, but from the earth, the wind, the sky, and the animal kingdom. They listen not only with their physical ears, but with their whole being in an attitude of â€Å"watch, listen and then act† (Nerburn, 2002). They believe it unwise to speak before completely formulating one’s thoughts. They understand the power of words, and so they speak carefully, choosing words judiciously. In most non-native cultures, interaction with others must be filled with words and speaking that can sometimes become argumentative. Just the opposite is true in most Native American cultures. When asked a question, there will normally be a pause before answering, because any question worthy of an answer is worth considering. When they finally do speak, it is expected that the hearer will listen. Interrupting is considered rude and a sign of ignorance. This practice of silence has a tendency to disconcert someone who is unfamiliar with it, and historically, Caucasians have viewed it as a sign of stupidity. Freedom and Honor Native American cultures value honor far above freedom. Honor is the internal guide for nearly everything they do. The focus is more on what is right, rather than what is wrong. This is one reason why Native Americans have a difficult time understanding the concept of sin. In addition, honor is something that cannot be taken away. If one loses his freedom, he still retains his honor. These views of freedom and honor are very different from those held by western peoples. In the White world, honor means paying homage to or admiring an individual’s accomplishments. To the Native American, honor means knowing and doing what is right for oneself and for one’s community. You read "Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans" in category "Papers" It has no relation to laws or the desire to avoid punishment. Freedom only becomes important after one has been â€Å"chained up,† either literally or by the enactment of laws and restrictions (Nerburn, 2002). All My Relations and Racism According to the New Lakota Dictionary, â€Å"Mitakuye oyasin† translates to â€Å"all my relatives† in Lakota Sioux (Ullrich, 2008, p. 37). The concept of all my relations constitutes an understanding of and honor for the sacredness of each person’s individual spiritual path. It acknowledges the sacredness of all life (human, animal, plant, etc. ) and creates an awareness that strengthens not only the individual, but the entire pl anet. It essentially means that everything is inter-related. In the living of daily life, all my relations â€Å"means learning how to connect with certain constructive or creative forces, and disconnect from destructive forces† (Portman Garrett, 2006). It’s the understanding that whatever hurts one aspect of the world hurts everything else. Rolling Thunder, the late spiritual leader of the Cherokee and Shoshone tribes, said, â€Å"Too many people don’t know that when they harm the earth they harm themselves, nor do they realize that when they harm themselves they harm the earth†¦We say there’s room for everyone, if we all share as brothers and sisters† (â€Å"Plowboy Interview,† 1981). This belief in the brotherhood of the human race is one reason why Native Americans abhor racism. Another reason is their suffering because of it. From the 1490’s to the 1890’s, Europeans and white Americans engaged in an unbroken string of genocide campaigns against the Native people of the Americas† (BigFoot Willmon-Hague, 2008, p. 54). A study on multi-faith perspectives in family therapy made note of the following historical treatment of Native Americans: â€Å"In government and missio nary programs to educate and acculturate Indians in Christianity and Western ways, children were forcibly taken from their families to boarding schools and stripped of their cultural and spiritual heritage† (Walsh, 2010, p. 3). Consequently, Native Americans view racism as evil and most avoid retaliation, because they believe it creates a loss of honor. However, many American Indians still retain an inherent mistrust of Whites (Bryant-Davis Ocampo, 2006, p. 16). In a study on reservation violence, it was noted that traditionally one important factor regarding Native American philosophy was â€Å"humility to those with whom one does not share beliefs; and teaching nonviolent behaviors† (Hukill, 2006, p. 249). A reintegration with traditional beliefs and practices could help stem the violence on reservations. Concept of Time Native people are not enslaved by a clock or calendar. Their concept of time is related more to the seasons, nature, relationships, and life spans. Time is a cycle as, in the sacred hoop. Time is not measured in linear fashion, having a past, present and future. Living each day as it comes is linked to the belief that one should focus more on being than becoming. This concept of time can explain why Native Americans might be late for counseling appointments by the hour or by days. Adherence to a rigid schedule is not traditionally an Indian practice. Things are done as they need doing. Time is flexible and geared to the activity at hand. Some other examples of this concept of time are: * A right time and a right place, as opposed to making every minute count. * Today is a good day, as opposed to preparing for tomorrow. Other concepts that affect how Native Americans react to traditional counseling methods include striving for anonymity, discouraging aggressiveness (such as boasting and loud behavior), the value of inaction over action, and the use of tribal healing ceremonies. Understanding Native American healing practices requires helping professionals to have knowledge of the cultural belief systems that are unique for each tribal nation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Portman Garrett, 2006, p. 455). Culturally Insensitive Counseling Methods Counseling methods that fail to consider culturally-relevant issues are realizing few successes with native peoples. Three of the most prominent techniques fail to take into account the Native Americanâ⠂¬â„¢s holistic belief system and attempt to merely change behavior by changing one’s thinking. Free Association. Free association is a spontaneous, logically unconstrained and undirected association of ideas, emotions and feelings in which words or images suggest other words or images in a non-logical chain reaction. The basic concept is for the client to sort things out, and assign reasons to their feelings, with the intention of changing unhealthy ideas and emotions into a more acceptable way of living. Native American clients typically shy away from participating in this type of activity, because they see it as senseless babbling that accomplishes little and makes a person appear to have lost their mind. They much prefer being silent and listening to talking and babbling themselves into a reasonable state of mind. In addition, they are very cautious about sharing personal and family problems, and have difficulty communicating their reactions to situations. Cognitive Therapy Cognitive therapy aims to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that lead to feelings and behavior that are troublesome, self-defeating or self-destructive. The objective is to replace distorted thinking with a balanced view that leads to more fulfilling and productive behavior. Due to the epidemic of depression, alcoholism and suicide among Native Americans, this is an admirable objective for counselors to attempt to achieve. However, for a people, who are holistically-minded, cognitive therapy considers only one facet of the whole person, and ignores the connection humans have with nature and the world. This approach disavows the unity of the person, a central core belief in Native American culture. To separate the mind from the body and spirit, and with the rest of creation, is an illogical and foreign concept to them. In addition, most Native Americans are pragmatic and tend to see life in concrete terms rather than abstract ones. Therefore, â€Å"counselors may consider working from a holistic, wellness-based framework,† so that harmony and balance can be restored (Rayle, Chee, Sand, 2006, p. 72). Behavior Modification This approach is a treatment approach based on operant conditioning that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by positive or negative reinforcement. As with cognitive therapy, behavior modification focuses entirely on one facet of the whole person. Native Americans are very resistant to this approach, because they do not always focus on their thinking. Historically, they have been exposed to the inconsistency of people thinking one way and behaving another way. According to Native American culture, behavior reflects belief. Attempting to change behavior from the outside and failing to deal with internal issues is viewed as a waste of energy and considered unproductive. Typically, Native Americans respond better to holistic methods that involve the whole person: body, mind and spirit. Culturally insensitive approaches to counseling can actually introduce a sense of mistrust into relationships between native clients and non-native counselors derailing attempts to help them overcome the issues that defeat them. This is one reason why Native Americans â€Å"underutilize mainstream mental health resources† (Parrish, 2006, p. 15). Culturally Supportive Approaches to Counseling As understanding and knowledge of cultural beliefs and practices grows, holistic approaches to counseling are becoming more prevalent in clinics and practices in which the majority of clients are Native American. There are several methods which are showing great promise in helping these clients. Inner Healing Prayer Because Native American culture is infused with the spiritual and encompasses a holistic view of the body, soul and spirit, the concept of listening, which is the foundation of this method, lends itself to a more culturally-relevant way of approaching the mental and emotional issues found among indigenous peoples. Native cultures are already accustomed to listening because of their practice of being attentive to the sounds of nature and the practices of oral traditions passed down through the stories of tribal elders. They understand that listening is one of the best ways to learn. The inner healing prayer can offer Native Americans a way to re-establish harmony with their body, their emotions, and their spiritual selves (Rayle, Chee Sand, 2006, p. 77), since it begins with addressing one’s emotional hurts. â€Å"It is counselor-led and client-consented prayer intervention with the specific intent of healing and breaking the chains of past traumas† (Clinton Ohlschlager, 2002, p. 240). When woundedness goes unresolved, it affects the whole person creating disharmony within the body, soul and spirit. Native American culture already understands this concept. The typical scenario is to give the client permission to experience what they feel, and allow their inner emotions to express themselves in a controlled, safe environment. Encouraging them to remember those painful places and the trauma that occurred there helps bring emotions to the surface where they can be explored, felt, owned, and released from the captured place within the spirit. Once accomplished, the counselor can then ask the Lord Jesus [Great Mystery] to minister His love and grace, revealing truth in whatever manner He chooses. The counselor then remains silent, encouraging the client to verbally express whatever is transpiring within them and articulate whatever truth the Lord is revealing to them. The counselor’s role is to discern whether the client is receiving truth from the Lord (according to the revealed Word of God) or error manifested from within themselves, which would constitute feelings and/or thoughts that run contrary to scripture. Once it is determined that authentic truth has been received, the counselor then asks the client what is now different about that traumatic event when they reconsider it. At this point, an entirely different perspective is usually revealed by the client. It is important when using this method, as it is with any technique, to â€Å"weave Western counseling techniques with elements of the AI [American Indian] culture, beliefs, and philosophy† (Rayle, Chee Sand, 2006, p. 73-74) [emphasis mine]. It is well to remember, however, that many Native Americans do not believe in the â€Å"white man’s God. It is important, therefore, to use terms for deity that are culturally relevant, such as Great Mystery, Great Spirit, etc. This approach has shown great potential in overcoming issues such as depression and addiction. Spiritual Talking Talking circles, storytelling and remembering/reflecting on life is very common in Native American culture. Many indigenous children receive the ir first life lessons sitting at the feet of their elders as grandmothers and grandfathers recount tribal stories that teach the traditions of the tribe (Rybak Decker-Fitts, 2009, p. 337). Since native people relate more to â€Å"the now,† it is very therapeutic to recall and embrace the good things in one’s present situation. Talking aloud about pleasant experiences helps clients see the good in their present circumstances and allows their spirit to â€Å"be as one† with their body-mind uniting them with the world at large. This enables them to see the big picture and brings everything into a healthy perspective. The role of the counselor in this technique is to facilitate the talking and keep the client on track, while providing a safe environment for them. Another form that spiritual talking may take is in the use of humor. Native cultures inherently understand the old cliche: Laughter is the best medicine. Encouraging clients to share comical stories and experiences can provide insight into the client’s identity and self-image. However, counselors should exercise caution in using humor. It should only be introduced â€Å"when and if the client invites it, meaning that the client trusts the counselor enough to connect on that level† (Garrett, et al. , 2005, p. 202). The Holistic Medicine Wheel or Red Path One of the most effective healing techniques and one which incorporates extensively the Native American culture is the Medicine Wheel, sometimes called the Red Path or Red Road. The Medicine Wheel is a symbol of Native America in which four colors (white, black, yellow and red) are used to represent the four directions and the four races of people (Caucasian, African, Asian and Indian), respectively. This symbol also represents the harmony and balance of the mind, body and spirit with nature. The Medicine Wheel is regarded as sacred among Native Americans, since â€Å"medicine† is a spiritual entity within their culture. The Medicine Wheel is recognized by all tribes and is a common symbol of unity. It represents healing, not only for oneself, but for the entire native community. This technique, when employed in the counseling setting, includes not only the counselor and client, but also family and friends. It can also be a good tool for use in group counseling where all participants share in a common issue. The facilitator/counselor invites all present to form a circle. The concept of the four directions and their meanings is then discussed. A good representation is: * East represents the rising sun and the spirit or inner being of man (red). * South is connected to full daylight and represents a connection with nature (yellow). * North is the home of winter and represents the mind or thoughts (white). * West is where the sun sets and is connected with the body or physical being (black). (Molina, Monteiro-Leitner, Garrett Gladding, 2005, p. 9). The counselor then explains the concept of circles within circles. Dallas Williard’s Model of the Person is an excellent starting pattern for this concept (Clinton Ohlschlager, 2002, p. 190). Molina, et al. explain this technique well: An inner circle represents the connection to one’s Spirit and to the Greater Spirit; an outer circle represents the importance of relationships with family members; and a community circle represents the importance of relationships with the greater community. At this point, volunteers sit behind each person in the inner circle, forming an outer circle. Finally, the remaining participants form a third circle, which lends support to the inner and outer circles. Throughout the process, life stories emerge. Counselors identify client strengths and validate their experiences, and participants offer support to one another and create â€Å"happy† endings to their stories (p. 9). This method helps clients see â€Å"how they create and remove the masks of the self† (Molina, Monteiro-Leitner, Garrett Gladding, 2005, p. 9). The removal of masks allows the client to be open with their true feelings and to see their issues from a different perspective. A doctoral dissertation by Mark Parrish (2008) offers another well-described view of the Circle Within Circles Approach: The elements of the circle within circles includes: (1) the spirit within us including the culmination of each individual’s experiences representing the power that comes from the very essence of one’s being; (2) the family and/or clan, the relational center of the community; (3) the natural environment and all of its relationships with living beings; and (4) the spirit world which includes the other elements as well as the Creator, ancestors and other spirit helpers and guides. In essence, all life is interdependent and exists in a dynamic state of harmony and balance which maintains a continuous flow and cycling of energy which each living being contributes to the Circle of Life (p. 16). The Medicine Wheel and the Circle Within Circles â€Å"serves as a reminder that all aspects of life are important and need to be balanced† (Rybak Decker-Fitts, 2009, p. 336). Although most individuals will still require more intensive therapy, the Medicine Wheel is a good starting point to help clients remember that they are not an island, but are connected to other individuals and to the world as a whole. Personal Reflections Understanding Native American culture, and learning their views life has caused me to reconsider my own lifestyle and my Caucasian worldview. As westerners, we are an inherently individualistic society, whereas Native Americans are more collective. The mindset and complex belief systems of indigenous people are more similar to God’s original plan for mankind than that which White society has developed. Jesus prayed to the Father for unity: that His followers would â€Å"be one, as we are. (John 17:11b, KJV). Native American culture appears to mirror His prayer more than that of Caucasians. Native Americans are more in tune with their spiritual natures than we, and were the original holistic healers. They understand the concept of man’s triune nature as set forth in 1 Thessalonians 5:23: â€Å"And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Ch rist† [emphasis mine]. This concept has been a vital part of their culture for hundreds of years, whereas we are just now (within the past decade) becoming more sensitive to a holistic approach in counseling and medicine. It is very interesting that as one learns the culture and values of Native Americans, one begins to see that there are many aspects that reflect basic biblical principles. Western counseling methods, which have been imposed upon the Native Americans for many years, are very foreign to a people who already understand an important truth of God’s Word. It makes much better sense to first understand their culture and beliefs and then adapt our methods and techniques accordingly, in order to be more effective facilitators in the healing process. Not only will these historically-wounded people be set free with true inner healing, but at the same time many may come into a full knowledge of and a relationship with the true Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus healed the blind man of his physical ailments before healing him of his spiritual malady. Therefore, if we connect with Native Americans through their ways of life, love them in Christ, and keep the Holy Spirit as the center of our ministry to them, many of these forgotten people can enjoy a fullness of life that only comes through the healing power of Christ. As a Christian counselor, I will be committed to providing the Native American people with a biblically-sound, culturally-relevant approach to helping them heal the issues from which they suffer, both historically and personally. As I become more knowledgeable in their beliefs, traditions and worldview, I can foresee a time when what I am learning now will blend with that insight to produce techniques which will enable me to be a more effective counselor to the people to whom God has called me to minister. Conclusion To be effective counselors within the Native American community, it is not enough that we increase our knowledge of psychology and our skills in counseling. We need to immerse ourselves in the cultural issues pertinent to each individual client and the community which has shaped them. This comes by understanding belief systems and cultural contexts, and determining what methods can and cannot work based upon these parameters. Native American culture is centered on certain holistic viewpoints: the wholeness of the individual (body, mind and spirit), the individual’s interconnectedness with creation, and the relationship all people have with one another. Counseling such a people involves understanding and respecting values, beliefs and traditions, and tailoring our methods and techniques around restoring harmony and balance in ways which do not demand or manipulate Native Americans into ceasing to be Native American. One very good exercise for assisting in the development of counselor competency in this area is cultural auditing, which is a â€Å"systematic and practical reflective method designed to address critical elements of the multicultural competency development process† (Collins, Arthur Wong-Wylie, 2010, p. 340-346). The 13 steps of this process lead counselors through the first to last counseling sessions by helping them reflect on key issues of culture that can help them develop competent strategies and monitor their practices â€Å"to ensure that the goals and processes of counseling are consistent with clients’ perspectives and needs† (Collins, Arthur Wong-Wylie, 2010, p. 341). In order for greater effectiveness to be realized in counseling Native Americans (and indeed people of all cultures), mental health professionals and researchers must understand that all methods do not work with all people. Milton Erickson, one of psychotherapy’s most respected figures, who was of Native American descent, understood this very well (Thomason, 2009, p. 351). A 40-year study of multicultural counseling, completed in 2008 by Michael D’Andrea and Elizabeth Foster Heckman, discovered many inconsistencies and out-dated methods being utilized with clients of diverse cultures, and called for researchers to â€Å"expand their outcome studies to examine the impact of other types of helping services among culturally different populations† (D’Andrea Heckman, 2008, p. 62). Their final statement summarizes beautifully what is needed for effective, long-term resolution for Native Americans: We suggest that the multicultural counseling movement is a movement of faith and hope: faith in counselors’ ability to generate new understanding of mental health from a multicultural perspective and hope that future counseling and research endeavors will be implemented to more ef fectively promote human dignity and development through people’s collective diversity (D’Andrea Heckman, 2008, p. 362). The increase of diverse of cultures within the United States makes it imperative (a) â€Å"that therapists have the skills to work with a variety of clients from a multitude of social backgrounds (Murphy, Park Lonsdale, 2006, p. 310); and (b) â€Å"for the counseling profession to take a proactive stance on cultural diversity† (Phiri-Alleman Allman, 2010, p. 157). Culturally competent counseling has been addressed by the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics (ACA) and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Both of these groups stress the importance of social and cultural diversity in training programs for counselors, and emphasize the need for culturally-relevant treatment planning, especially when working with Native Americans (Parrish, 2008, p. 17). The competency of multicultural counselors can best be developed by encouraging them to become knowledgeable in the beliefs, traditions and worldview of various cultures and utilize that knowledge to tailor their counseling techniques in ways that will boost the effectiveness of their practice. How to cite Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans, Papers

Coffee vs Tea free essay sample

Caffeine may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease at least in men by enhancing the supply of dopamine. Coffee powder is made out of coffee beans. The high oxidant capacity of tea reduces the risk of cancer for habitual tea drinkers. Tea reduces the  cholesterol levels, inhibits  blood clots  and protects heart by relaxing the blood vessels. Caffeine content and effects Tea: Tea has approximately 55 milligrams of caffeine per cup. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee vs Tea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Various teas contain different amounts of caffeine. Green tea contains the least, about one-third the caffeine as black and oolong about two-thirds as much. The caffeine in tea is said to increase concentration, and enhance the sense of taste and smell. The effect of caffeine in tea usually takes longer to enter the  blood  stream than coffee therefore, seems gentler to the system. About 80% of the caffeine in black tea can be removed easily at home Coffee: Coffee has approximately 125-185 milligrams of caffeine per cup. The caffeine in coffee is sometimes associated with a lift followed by a letdown. The  effects  of the caffeine in coffee are immediate and sometimes arouse  feelings of anxiety  known as coffee jitters. Many varieties of decaffeinated coffees are available on the market today. Note: Studies have shown that tea or coffee drunk in moderation (two [it reported] cups of coffee a day and four or five cups of black tea) has no harmful effects Lifestyle differences Tea  is a genteel beverage requiring preparation and time to sip. The pace is always slow, calm and tranquil, the beverage soothing. On the other hand, the  coffee  culture  can be fast paced and frantic. Images of people in lines at the drive-through talking into microphones and driving around buildings to pick up huge paper cups of the daily special come to mind. Popularity Coffee is extremely popular in the United States. The average American drinks 23 gallons of coffee every year.