The Evolution Of Video Games - 1164 Words

The Evolution of Video Games FULL OUTLINE Specific Purpose: To inform my guidance about the evolution of video games. Central Idea: Video games have evolved over time as technology has advanced from 8-bit 2D graphics to the high quality of games they have become today. Introduction: I. As a kid we all had that favorite video game, whether it was Super Mario Bros., Pokà ©mon, or Crash Bandicoot. II. As we have grown up we have watched the video games we used to play evolve to what is out there now and then turn to previews of what is upcoming in video games. III. With each new generation of game consoles along come new games that grew to be very popular. A. A game to represent the past is Super Mario Brothers. B. A game to show off†¦show more content†¦A. It was the first home video game console system. 1. 12 Games were included with each system. 2. Customers could buy extra games by packs of 6 or individually. B. A few months later, in November of 1972 Pong was created. 1. Allan Alcorn, a worker of Atari, created Pong which was the first video game that had great success. 2. Pong was created based on an idea from in the game Magnavox Odyssey. 3. Because of this, Atari had a lawsuit filed against them, but was later handled. C. The best-selling gaming console of its time, would be the NES, also known as the Nintendo Entertainment System. 1. It was also named by IGN the â€Å"single greatest video game console in history. 2. The NES has a 72 pin design that you would plug into the system to play games. 3. The most well-known game for the NES is Super Mario Brothers. 1. Gameplay, graphics, and sound were the best that NES could go. 2. Quoted an article from the Academic Questions, VerBruggen states â€Å"By far, the single biggest factor driving the evolution of video games is technology. For decades—from the earliest games until the early 1990s—almost all video games were two-dimensional.† 3. As technology became more advanced, the games and consoles became more complex into the 3D games today. (Transition: If you don’t remember playing the older games as much, maybe you will recognize some of the games around today.) II. Fast-forwarding to 1994 Sony

Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans Free Essays

string(60) " doing what is right for oneself and for one’s community\." Three of the most popular techniques in use by the counseling profession were examined in relationship to Native American culture and worldview, in order to determine the reasons for their ineffectiveness among these people groups. The results indicate that a lack of understanding and sensitivity to Native American culture and belief systems by counselors may be the major contributing factors in the failure of these methods to produce lasting change. Three alternative methods were then investigated. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Together, these examinations show that cultural sensitivity and an in-depth understanding of belief systems and practices are critical in helping Native Americans heal from historical traumas and affect real transformation within the Native American community. Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling: A Perspective on Native Americans Why is it that many Native Americans fail to benefit from counseling? Why is there such an enormous â€Å"burn-out† rate among counselors who work with this people group? These questions are becoming increasingly more important in the counseling profession. There have been many studies on competencies and practices in multicultural counseling. One such study although dealing primarily with career counseling (Vespia, Fitzpatrick, Fouad, Kantamneni, Chen, 2010), reinforced the necessity for training in developing a counselor’s competency with diverse cultures. Another study which dealt specifically with psychotherapy (Lambert, Smart, Campbell, Hawkins, Harmon, Slade, 2006), echoes this sentiment. However, the cause of ineffectiveness may not necessarily be the incompetence of counselors, but their tendency to use inappropriate methods which fail to consider the unique cultural heritage of Native Americans. These culturally-insensitive methods can sometimes compel clients to violate basic personal values. For example, Native Americans place great emphasis on a harmonious co-existence with nature. If a counselor advocates individual responsibility for mastering the environment, he is, in fact, asking his Native American client to disregard a part of his client’s cultural belief system. Take the case of Robert Red Elk (not his real name), a White Mountain Apache, hired at a manufacturing plant in Phoenix, Arizona. Robert’s supervisor witnessed many instances where Robert’s fellow employees asked to share his lunch or complete their work assignments. Robert never refused and willingly overworked himself (to the point of exhaustion) finishing the tasks of others. Eventually, after several absences from work, Robert was referred to counseling by his supervisor. The counselor, after an initial assessment, enrolled Robert in assertiveness training. The counselor, however, failed to understand one very important aspect of Robert Red Elk’s value system: Native Americans are not individualistic. Their culture places great value on sharing and service. There are over 500 federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States. Each tribe has its own beliefs, customs and traditions. Many Native Americans have left the reservation and know very little of their tribal culture, having assimilated into White society. There are, however, many common threads running through Native American culture and philosophy, which if misunderstood can open a breach between counselor and client that can be difficult to heal. For the purposes of this paper, we will be dealing primarily with Native Americans raised and residing within traditional Indian reservation communities. These individuals have retained much of their cultural identity, as opposed to those who have moved into the cities and have become westernized into the White culture. Nearly every tribe has wide-spread personal and social issues which are threatening lives and creating broken homes and broken people. Compared with other racial and ethnic groups, Native Americans have more serious problems with mental health disorders (Olson Wahab, 2006, p. 19-33). For example, on the Pine Ridge Reservation of the Lakota Sioux, over 50% live below the poverty level. In 2007, the suicide rate there was 3. 2 times that of Whites, between 50% and 90% were unemployed, and the death rate due o alcoholism was 7 times the national average (Diller, 2007). Counselors employ many methods in an attempt to help Native American clients heal from brokenness. This investigation will examine three popular techniques: Free association, cognitive therapy, and behavior modification. In addition, we will discuss why these methods are failing with many Native American clients. First, however, there is a need to explore the average Native American value system. The Native American Value System Silence and Talking. Native Americans believe that listening is the best way to learn. They understand that there are many â€Å"voices† to hear, not merely from other people, but from the earth, the wind, the sky, and the animal kingdom. They listen not only with their physical ears, but with their whole being in an attitude of â€Å"watch, listen and then act† (Nerburn, 2002). They believe it unwise to speak before completely formulating one’s thoughts. They understand the power of words, and so they speak carefully, choosing words judiciously. In most non-native cultures, interaction with others must be filled with words and speaking that can sometimes become argumentative. Just the opposite is true in most Native American cultures. When asked a question, there will normally be a pause before answering, because any question worthy of an answer is worth considering. When they finally do speak, it is expected that the hearer will listen. Interrupting is considered rude and a sign of ignorance. This practice of silence has a tendency to disconcert someone who is unfamiliar with it, and historically, Caucasians have viewed it as a sign of stupidity. Freedom and Honor Native American cultures value honor far above freedom. Honor is the internal guide for nearly everything they do. The focus is more on what is right, rather than what is wrong. This is one reason why Native Americans have a difficult time understanding the concept of sin. In addition, honor is something that cannot be taken away. If one loses his freedom, he still retains his honor. These views of freedom and honor are very different from those held by western peoples. In the White world, honor means paying homage to or admiring an individual’s accomplishments. To the Native American, honor means knowing and doing what is right for oneself and for one’s community. You read "Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans" in category "Papers" It has no relation to laws or the desire to avoid punishment. Freedom only becomes important after one has been â€Å"chained up,† either literally or by the enactment of laws and restrictions (Nerburn, 2002). All My Relations and Racism According to the New Lakota Dictionary, â€Å"Mitakuye oyasin† translates to â€Å"all my relatives† in Lakota Sioux (Ullrich, 2008, p. 37). The concept of all my relations constitutes an understanding of and honor for the sacredness of each person’s individual spiritual path. It acknowledges the sacredness of all life (human, animal, plant, etc. ) and creates an awareness that strengthens not only the individual, but the entire pl anet. It essentially means that everything is inter-related. In the living of daily life, all my relations â€Å"means learning how to connect with certain constructive or creative forces, and disconnect from destructive forces† (Portman Garrett, 2006). It’s the understanding that whatever hurts one aspect of the world hurts everything else. Rolling Thunder, the late spiritual leader of the Cherokee and Shoshone tribes, said, â€Å"Too many people don’t know that when they harm the earth they harm themselves, nor do they realize that when they harm themselves they harm the earth†¦We say there’s room for everyone, if we all share as brothers and sisters† (â€Å"Plowboy Interview,† 1981). This belief in the brotherhood of the human race is one reason why Native Americans abhor racism. Another reason is their suffering because of it. From the 1490’s to the 1890’s, Europeans and white Americans engaged in an unbroken string of genocide campaigns against the Native people of the Americas† (BigFoot Willmon-Hague, 2008, p. 54). A study on multi-faith perspectives in family therapy made note of the following historical treatment of Native Americans: â€Å"In government and missio nary programs to educate and acculturate Indians in Christianity and Western ways, children were forcibly taken from their families to boarding schools and stripped of their cultural and spiritual heritage† (Walsh, 2010, p. 3). Consequently, Native Americans view racism as evil and most avoid retaliation, because they believe it creates a loss of honor. However, many American Indians still retain an inherent mistrust of Whites (Bryant-Davis Ocampo, 2006, p. 16). In a study on reservation violence, it was noted that traditionally one important factor regarding Native American philosophy was â€Å"humility to those with whom one does not share beliefs; and teaching nonviolent behaviors† (Hukill, 2006, p. 249). A reintegration with traditional beliefs and practices could help stem the violence on reservations. Concept of Time Native people are not enslaved by a clock or calendar. Their concept of time is related more to the seasons, nature, relationships, and life spans. Time is a cycle as, in the sacred hoop. Time is not measured in linear fashion, having a past, present and future. Living each day as it comes is linked to the belief that one should focus more on being than becoming. This concept of time can explain why Native Americans might be late for counseling appointments by the hour or by days. Adherence to a rigid schedule is not traditionally an Indian practice. Things are done as they need doing. Time is flexible and geared to the activity at hand. Some other examples of this concept of time are: * A right time and a right place, as opposed to making every minute count. * Today is a good day, as opposed to preparing for tomorrow. Other concepts that affect how Native Americans react to traditional counseling methods include striving for anonymity, discouraging aggressiveness (such as boasting and loud behavior), the value of inaction over action, and the use of tribal healing ceremonies. Understanding Native American healing practices requires helping professionals to have knowledge of the cultural belief systems that are unique for each tribal nation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Portman Garrett, 2006, p. 455). Culturally Insensitive Counseling Methods Counseling methods that fail to consider culturally-relevant issues are realizing few successes with native peoples. Three of the most prominent techniques fail to take into account the Native Americanâ⠂¬â„¢s holistic belief system and attempt to merely change behavior by changing one’s thinking. Free Association. Free association is a spontaneous, logically unconstrained and undirected association of ideas, emotions and feelings in which words or images suggest other words or images in a non-logical chain reaction. The basic concept is for the client to sort things out, and assign reasons to their feelings, with the intention of changing unhealthy ideas and emotions into a more acceptable way of living. Native American clients typically shy away from participating in this type of activity, because they see it as senseless babbling that accomplishes little and makes a person appear to have lost their mind. They much prefer being silent and listening to talking and babbling themselves into a reasonable state of mind. In addition, they are very cautious about sharing personal and family problems, and have difficulty communicating their reactions to situations. Cognitive Therapy Cognitive therapy aims to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that lead to feelings and behavior that are troublesome, self-defeating or self-destructive. The objective is to replace distorted thinking with a balanced view that leads to more fulfilling and productive behavior. Due to the epidemic of depression, alcoholism and suicide among Native Americans, this is an admirable objective for counselors to attempt to achieve. However, for a people, who are holistically-minded, cognitive therapy considers only one facet of the whole person, and ignores the connection humans have with nature and the world. This approach disavows the unity of the person, a central core belief in Native American culture. To separate the mind from the body and spirit, and with the rest of creation, is an illogical and foreign concept to them. In addition, most Native Americans are pragmatic and tend to see life in concrete terms rather than abstract ones. Therefore, â€Å"counselors may consider working from a holistic, wellness-based framework,† so that harmony and balance can be restored (Rayle, Chee, Sand, 2006, p. 72). Behavior Modification This approach is a treatment approach based on operant conditioning that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by positive or negative reinforcement. As with cognitive therapy, behavior modification focuses entirely on one facet of the whole person. Native Americans are very resistant to this approach, because they do not always focus on their thinking. Historically, they have been exposed to the inconsistency of people thinking one way and behaving another way. According to Native American culture, behavior reflects belief. Attempting to change behavior from the outside and failing to deal with internal issues is viewed as a waste of energy and considered unproductive. Typically, Native Americans respond better to holistic methods that involve the whole person: body, mind and spirit. Culturally insensitive approaches to counseling can actually introduce a sense of mistrust into relationships between native clients and non-native counselors derailing attempts to help them overcome the issues that defeat them. This is one reason why Native Americans â€Å"underutilize mainstream mental health resources† (Parrish, 2006, p. 15). Culturally Supportive Approaches to Counseling As understanding and knowledge of cultural beliefs and practices grows, holistic approaches to counseling are becoming more prevalent in clinics and practices in which the majority of clients are Native American. There are several methods which are showing great promise in helping these clients. Inner Healing Prayer Because Native American culture is infused with the spiritual and encompasses a holistic view of the body, soul and spirit, the concept of listening, which is the foundation of this method, lends itself to a more culturally-relevant way of approaching the mental and emotional issues found among indigenous peoples. Native cultures are already accustomed to listening because of their practice of being attentive to the sounds of nature and the practices of oral traditions passed down through the stories of tribal elders. They understand that listening is one of the best ways to learn. The inner healing prayer can offer Native Americans a way to re-establish harmony with their body, their emotions, and their spiritual selves (Rayle, Chee Sand, 2006, p. 77), since it begins with addressing one’s emotional hurts. â€Å"It is counselor-led and client-consented prayer intervention with the specific intent of healing and breaking the chains of past traumas† (Clinton Ohlschlager, 2002, p. 240). When woundedness goes unresolved, it affects the whole person creating disharmony within the body, soul and spirit. Native American culture already understands this concept. The typical scenario is to give the client permission to experience what they feel, and allow their inner emotions to express themselves in a controlled, safe environment. Encouraging them to remember those painful places and the trauma that occurred there helps bring emotions to the surface where they can be explored, felt, owned, and released from the captured place within the spirit. Once accomplished, the counselor can then ask the Lord Jesus [Great Mystery] to minister His love and grace, revealing truth in whatever manner He chooses. The counselor then remains silent, encouraging the client to verbally express whatever is transpiring within them and articulate whatever truth the Lord is revealing to them. The counselor’s role is to discern whether the client is receiving truth from the Lord (according to the revealed Word of God) or error manifested from within themselves, which would constitute feelings and/or thoughts that run contrary to scripture. Once it is determined that authentic truth has been received, the counselor then asks the client what is now different about that traumatic event when they reconsider it. At this point, an entirely different perspective is usually revealed by the client. It is important when using this method, as it is with any technique, to â€Å"weave Western counseling techniques with elements of the AI [American Indian] culture, beliefs, and philosophy† (Rayle, Chee Sand, 2006, p. 73-74) [emphasis mine]. It is well to remember, however, that many Native Americans do not believe in the â€Å"white man’s God. It is important, therefore, to use terms for deity that are culturally relevant, such as Great Mystery, Great Spirit, etc. This approach has shown great potential in overcoming issues such as depression and addiction. Spiritual Talking Talking circles, storytelling and remembering/reflecting on life is very common in Native American culture. Many indigenous children receive the ir first life lessons sitting at the feet of their elders as grandmothers and grandfathers recount tribal stories that teach the traditions of the tribe (Rybak Decker-Fitts, 2009, p. 337). Since native people relate more to â€Å"the now,† it is very therapeutic to recall and embrace the good things in one’s present situation. Talking aloud about pleasant experiences helps clients see the good in their present circumstances and allows their spirit to â€Å"be as one† with their body-mind uniting them with the world at large. This enables them to see the big picture and brings everything into a healthy perspective. The role of the counselor in this technique is to facilitate the talking and keep the client on track, while providing a safe environment for them. Another form that spiritual talking may take is in the use of humor. Native cultures inherently understand the old cliche: Laughter is the best medicine. Encouraging clients to share comical stories and experiences can provide insight into the client’s identity and self-image. However, counselors should exercise caution in using humor. It should only be introduced â€Å"when and if the client invites it, meaning that the client trusts the counselor enough to connect on that level† (Garrett, et al. , 2005, p. 202). The Holistic Medicine Wheel or Red Path One of the most effective healing techniques and one which incorporates extensively the Native American culture is the Medicine Wheel, sometimes called the Red Path or Red Road. The Medicine Wheel is a symbol of Native America in which four colors (white, black, yellow and red) are used to represent the four directions and the four races of people (Caucasian, African, Asian and Indian), respectively. This symbol also represents the harmony and balance of the mind, body and spirit with nature. The Medicine Wheel is regarded as sacred among Native Americans, since â€Å"medicine† is a spiritual entity within their culture. The Medicine Wheel is recognized by all tribes and is a common symbol of unity. It represents healing, not only for oneself, but for the entire native community. This technique, when employed in the counseling setting, includes not only the counselor and client, but also family and friends. It can also be a good tool for use in group counseling where all participants share in a common issue. The facilitator/counselor invites all present to form a circle. The concept of the four directions and their meanings is then discussed. A good representation is: * East represents the rising sun and the spirit or inner being of man (red). * South is connected to full daylight and represents a connection with nature (yellow). * North is the home of winter and represents the mind or thoughts (white). * West is where the sun sets and is connected with the body or physical being (black). (Molina, Monteiro-Leitner, Garrett Gladding, 2005, p. 9). The counselor then explains the concept of circles within circles. Dallas Williard’s Model of the Person is an excellent starting pattern for this concept (Clinton Ohlschlager, 2002, p. 190). Molina, et al. explain this technique well: An inner circle represents the connection to one’s Spirit and to the Greater Spirit; an outer circle represents the importance of relationships with family members; and a community circle represents the importance of relationships with the greater community. At this point, volunteers sit behind each person in the inner circle, forming an outer circle. Finally, the remaining participants form a third circle, which lends support to the inner and outer circles. Throughout the process, life stories emerge. Counselors identify client strengths and validate their experiences, and participants offer support to one another and create â€Å"happy† endings to their stories (p. 9). This method helps clients see â€Å"how they create and remove the masks of the self† (Molina, Monteiro-Leitner, Garrett Gladding, 2005, p. 9). The removal of masks allows the client to be open with their true feelings and to see their issues from a different perspective. A doctoral dissertation by Mark Parrish (2008) offers another well-described view of the Circle Within Circles Approach: The elements of the circle within circles includes: (1) the spirit within us including the culmination of each individual’s experiences representing the power that comes from the very essence of one’s being; (2) the family and/or clan, the relational center of the community; (3) the natural environment and all of its relationships with living beings; and (4) the spirit world which includes the other elements as well as the Creator, ancestors and other spirit helpers and guides. In essence, all life is interdependent and exists in a dynamic state of harmony and balance which maintains a continuous flow and cycling of energy which each living being contributes to the Circle of Life (p. 16). The Medicine Wheel and the Circle Within Circles â€Å"serves as a reminder that all aspects of life are important and need to be balanced† (Rybak Decker-Fitts, 2009, p. 336). Although most individuals will still require more intensive therapy, the Medicine Wheel is a good starting point to help clients remember that they are not an island, but are connected to other individuals and to the world as a whole. Personal Reflections Understanding Native American culture, and learning their views life has caused me to reconsider my own lifestyle and my Caucasian worldview. As westerners, we are an inherently individualistic society, whereas Native Americans are more collective. The mindset and complex belief systems of indigenous people are more similar to God’s original plan for mankind than that which White society has developed. Jesus prayed to the Father for unity: that His followers would â€Å"be one, as we are. (John 17:11b, KJV). Native American culture appears to mirror His prayer more than that of Caucasians. Native Americans are more in tune with their spiritual natures than we, and were the original holistic healers. They understand the concept of man’s triune nature as set forth in 1 Thessalonians 5:23: â€Å"And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Ch rist† [emphasis mine]. This concept has been a vital part of their culture for hundreds of years, whereas we are just now (within the past decade) becoming more sensitive to a holistic approach in counseling and medicine. It is very interesting that as one learns the culture and values of Native Americans, one begins to see that there are many aspects that reflect basic biblical principles. Western counseling methods, which have been imposed upon the Native Americans for many years, are very foreign to a people who already understand an important truth of God’s Word. It makes much better sense to first understand their culture and beliefs and then adapt our methods and techniques accordingly, in order to be more effective facilitators in the healing process. Not only will these historically-wounded people be set free with true inner healing, but at the same time many may come into a full knowledge of and a relationship with the true Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus healed the blind man of his physical ailments before healing him of his spiritual malady. Therefore, if we connect with Native Americans through their ways of life, love them in Christ, and keep the Holy Spirit as the center of our ministry to them, many of these forgotten people can enjoy a fullness of life that only comes through the healing power of Christ. As a Christian counselor, I will be committed to providing the Native American people with a biblically-sound, culturally-relevant approach to helping them heal the issues from which they suffer, both historically and personally. As I become more knowledgeable in their beliefs, traditions and worldview, I can foresee a time when what I am learning now will blend with that insight to produce techniques which will enable me to be a more effective counselor to the people to whom God has called me to minister. Conclusion To be effective counselors within the Native American community, it is not enough that we increase our knowledge of psychology and our skills in counseling. We need to immerse ourselves in the cultural issues pertinent to each individual client and the community which has shaped them. This comes by understanding belief systems and cultural contexts, and determining what methods can and cannot work based upon these parameters. Native American culture is centered on certain holistic viewpoints: the wholeness of the individual (body, mind and spirit), the individual’s interconnectedness with creation, and the relationship all people have with one another. Counseling such a people involves understanding and respecting values, beliefs and traditions, and tailoring our methods and techniques around restoring harmony and balance in ways which do not demand or manipulate Native Americans into ceasing to be Native American. One very good exercise for assisting in the development of counselor competency in this area is cultural auditing, which is a â€Å"systematic and practical reflective method designed to address critical elements of the multicultural competency development process† (Collins, Arthur Wong-Wylie, 2010, p. 340-346). The 13 steps of this process lead counselors through the first to last counseling sessions by helping them reflect on key issues of culture that can help them develop competent strategies and monitor their practices â€Å"to ensure that the goals and processes of counseling are consistent with clients’ perspectives and needs† (Collins, Arthur Wong-Wylie, 2010, p. 341). In order for greater effectiveness to be realized in counseling Native Americans (and indeed people of all cultures), mental health professionals and researchers must understand that all methods do not work with all people. Milton Erickson, one of psychotherapy’s most respected figures, who was of Native American descent, understood this very well (Thomason, 2009, p. 351). A 40-year study of multicultural counseling, completed in 2008 by Michael D’Andrea and Elizabeth Foster Heckman, discovered many inconsistencies and out-dated methods being utilized with clients of diverse cultures, and called for researchers to â€Å"expand their outcome studies to examine the impact of other types of helping services among culturally different populations† (D’Andrea Heckman, 2008, p. 62). Their final statement summarizes beautifully what is needed for effective, long-term resolution for Native Americans: We suggest that the multicultural counseling movement is a movement of faith and hope: faith in counselors’ ability to generate new understanding of mental health from a multicultural perspective and hope that future counseling and research endeavors will be implemented to more ef fectively promote human dignity and development through people’s collective diversity (D’Andrea Heckman, 2008, p. 362). The increase of diverse of cultures within the United States makes it imperative (a) â€Å"that therapists have the skills to work with a variety of clients from a multitude of social backgrounds (Murphy, Park Lonsdale, 2006, p. 310); and (b) â€Å"for the counseling profession to take a proactive stance on cultural diversity† (Phiri-Alleman Allman, 2010, p. 157). Culturally competent counseling has been addressed by the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics (ACA) and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Both of these groups stress the importance of social and cultural diversity in training programs for counselors, and emphasize the need for culturally-relevant treatment planning, especially when working with Native Americans (Parrish, 2008, p. 17). The competency of multicultural counselors can best be developed by encouraging them to become knowledgeable in the beliefs, traditions and worldview of various cultures and utilize that knowledge to tailor their counseling techniques in ways that will boost the effectiveness of their practice. How to cite Cultural Sensitivity in Counseling Native Americans, Papers

Coffee vs Tea free essay sample

Caffeine may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease at least in men by enhancing the supply of dopamine. Coffee powder is made out of coffee beans. The high oxidant capacity of tea reduces the risk of cancer for habitual tea drinkers. Tea reduces the  cholesterol levels, inhibits  blood clots  and protects heart by relaxing the blood vessels. Caffeine content and effects Tea: Tea has approximately 55 milligrams of caffeine per cup. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee vs Tea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Various teas contain different amounts of caffeine. Green tea contains the least, about one-third the caffeine as black and oolong about two-thirds as much. The caffeine in tea is said to increase concentration, and enhance the sense of taste and smell. The effect of caffeine in tea usually takes longer to enter the  blood  stream than coffee therefore, seems gentler to the system. About 80% of the caffeine in black tea can be removed easily at home Coffee: Coffee has approximately 125-185 milligrams of caffeine per cup. The caffeine in coffee is sometimes associated with a lift followed by a letdown. The  effects  of the caffeine in coffee are immediate and sometimes arouse  feelings of anxiety  known as coffee jitters. Many varieties of decaffeinated coffees are available on the market today. Note: Studies have shown that tea or coffee drunk in moderation (two [it reported] cups of coffee a day and four or five cups of black tea) has no harmful effects Lifestyle differences Tea  is a genteel beverage requiring preparation and time to sip. The pace is always slow, calm and tranquil, the beverage soothing. On the other hand, the  coffee  culture  can be fast paced and frantic. Images of people in lines at the drive-through talking into microphones and driving around buildings to pick up huge paper cups of the daily special come to mind. Popularity Coffee is extremely popular in the United States. The average American drinks 23 gallons of coffee every year.

“Cheating is now mainstream in America” Essay Example

â€Å"Cheating is now mainstream in America† Essay Article â€Å"Cheating is now mainstream in America† Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Cheating is now mainstream in America† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Cheating is now mainstream in America† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Cheating is now mainstream in America† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: Article â€Å"Cheating is now mainstream in America† Cheating in America has taken a different toll on the lives of those affected. It was socially acceptable to cheat in taxation, on highways and lines. However, this has changed today; people are cheating in their personal lives. During the days of our ancestors, the youth were very respectful to grown-ups and each other. Edward Morrissey (2012) asserts that â€Å"the generation of â€Å"I’m ok, you’re ok† has stronger ties to moral relativism than to moral fortitude†. This means that young people today do not value the importance of transparency and openness in life. Cheating has become so rampant that examinations for college admittance have been constricted. Many students pay ‘experts’ to sit for these exams on their behalf. These ‘experts’ are also alias ‘ringers’ and it is purported that the parents of these students pay for such services. This scheme has been on going for a while as more blow average students were enrolled into prestigious colleges. This of course denies the students who are worthy of the admissions into these high-status colleges a chance to live their dreams. The new system of testing by use of photo identification is a brilliant method of curbing cheating however, it does not put to shame those caught cheating. Those found guilty should be punished and made to realize their mistakes. This humiliation will perhaps teach them a lesson or two about cheating. There is also the possibility of these students developing new ideas of getting around the new method to work to their advantage. What these students choose to ignore is the fact that as much as they have ‘earned’ their admittance in to Ivy League colleges, it is a continuous struggle to stay in these colleges as you have to keep your grades high, which is a concept these students do not understand. Cheating is not only done in academics, spousal cheating is increasing becoming popular. It has become a common phenomenon in families and relationships. Cases of spousal infidelity are not new today. Unfaithfulness has been around since before civilization and with the invention of the internet, it has become easier, cheaper and discrete. A good example is the Ashley Madison website, which offers its married clients the chance to cheat on their partners with other married people on the same site. In conclusion, cheating was witnessed in the Bible and the old days, but modern man has turned it into an industry. The stability of families and communities depended upon collective responsibility, but that is not the case today. The systems that guided people long ago have since perished, or maybe we are simply ignoring them. Moral relativism is what dictates the direction of our everyday lives because we do not like being judged over other people’s actions. This judgment is only acceptable if directly affects or touches our personal lives. Therefore, we should complain about the extent to which cheating in exams and marriages have developed. Reference Morrissey, E. (2012). Shameless! Cheating Is Now Mainstream in America. The Fiscal Times. 1-2.

El Filibusterismo Essay Essays

El Filibusterismo Essay Essays El Filibusterismo Essay Paper El Filibusterismo Essay Paper Background: After the destiny of the Noli was sealed by the Spanish governments. prompted Rizal to compose the continuance of his first novel. He confessed. nevertheless. that regretted really much holding killed Elias alternatively of Ibarra. concluding that when he published the Noli his wellness was really much broken. and was really diffident of being able to compose the continuance and speak of a revolution. Consequently. as expected of a determined character. Rizal seemingly went in authorship. for to his friend. Blumentritt. he wrote on March 29. 1891: â€Å"I have finished my book. To a Filipino friend in Hong Kong. Jose Basa. Rizal similarly thirstily announced the completion of his 2nd novel. Having moved to Ghent to hold the book published at cheaper cost. Inevitably. Rizal’s following missive to Basa contained the tragic intelligence of the suspension of the printing of the subsequence to his first novel due to miss of financess. coercing him to halt and go forth the book hal f-way. Fortunately. Rizal was non to stay in desperation for long. A compatriot. Valentin Ventura. learned of Rizal’s quandary. He offered him fiscal aid. Even so Rizal was forced to shorten the fresh rather drastically. go forthing merely 38 chapters compared to the 64 chapters of the first novel. Title: Rizal had to specify the word filibustero to his German friend Ferdinand Blumentritt. who did non understand his usage of the word in Noli Me Tangere. In a missive. Rizal explained: â€Å"The word filibustero is small known in the Philippines. The multitudes do non cognize it yet. I heard it for the first clip in 1872 when the tragic executings ( of the Gomburza ) took topographic point. I still retrieve the terror that this word created. Our male parent forbade us to express it. every bit good as the words Cavite. Jose Burgos ( one of the executed priests ) . etc. The Manila newspapers and the Spaniards use this word to one whom they want to do a radical suspect. The Filipinos belonging to the educated category fear the range of the word. It does non hold the significance of plunderers ; it instead means a unsafe nationalist who will shortly be hanged or good. a assumptive adult male. † By the terminal of the 19th century. the word filibustero had acquired the significance â €Å"subversive† . The Ending There are a assortment of grounds for why the programs for a revolution ( in the book ) are non carried through every bit originally intended. but surely Rizal’s ain message ( as besides expressed by characters in the book ) is that force is non the preferable solution. and that. while alteration is necessary. it should come about peacefully and sanely. Major Fictional characters: Simoun – Crisostomo Ibarra reincarnated as a affluent jewelry maker. set on get downing a revolution Basilio Sisa’s boy. now an aspiring physician Isagani poet and Basilio’s best friend ; portrayed as emotional and reactive Kabesang Tales – Telesforo Juan de Dios. a former cabeza de barangay ( barangay caput ) who resurfaced as the feared Luzon brigand Matanglawin Paulita Gomez the girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Dona Victorina. In the terminal. she and Juanito Pelaez are wed. and she dumps Isagani. believing that she will hold no hereafter if she marries him Father Florentino Isagani’s godfather. and a secular priest ; was engaged to be married. but chose the priesthood alternatively Don Custudio a celebrated journalist who was asked by the pupils about his determination for the Academia de Castellano. In world. he is rather an ordinary chap who married a rich adult female in order to be a member of Manila’s high society Ben Zayb Abraham Ibanez is his existent name. He is a journalist who thinks he is the lone one thought in the Philippines hypertext transfer protocol: //www. kapitbisig. com/philippines/el-filibusterismo-the-reign-of-greed-by-dr-jose-rizal-book-notes-summary-in-english-the-characters-the-summary-of-el-filibusterismo_202. html hypertext transfer protocol: //joserizal. ph/fi01. hypertext markup language

Paraphrasing 850 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrasing 850 words - Essay Example This research method belongs to the category of qualitative research and lacks proper methodology and the methods involved in carrying out a case study research does not make the outcome of the research obvious to the researcher (Wilkinson, 2003). Researchers argue that the case study based research involves other research methods that are qualitative in nature and are used for performing research regarding a phenomenon or sociological imperative. In the field of business, researches are based on both the qualitative as well as the quantitative methods in order to develop an in-depth analysis of organizations (Yin, 2003). In case study research the methodology used includes those techniques that have already been used in performing investigations on phenomenon that are related to the field of social sciences. This research method helps researchers in collecting as well as analyzing and reporting of information and data in a systematic manner (Wilkinson, 2003). By conducting a case study based research the researcher is able to identify why a particular event took place and this will be helpful in conducting further research (Creswell, 2007). Researchers even believe that in this form of research the method used for the purpose of analysis is of utmost importance because in this method the focus is not only on human beings as well as teams, the focus is even on the procedure through which actions are conducted. When case study method is used it is essential to focus on a couple of issues while understanding the system that is being scrutinized (Creswell & Plano, 2007). While conducting the study the questions that were used for interviewing were tested for content as well as face validity. This was essential to identify whether the questions were effective in directing the process of the study. These questions were tested for content validity to obtain a sample of the various behaviors that were represented by

Government Job vs Private Job Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Government Job vs Private Job - Research Paper Example The â€Å"game† presents no investment in the future of the company or corporation, its merle an exchange of wealth. This scenario contributes many problems to the current operating business atmosphere. Mergers bring about immediate economic problems that include, loss of markets to foreign competitors, continuing trade deficits, inadequate operating capital, declining productivity, debt-heavy corporations, and loss of many jobs. The debt is due mainly to financing in order to carry out the merger. These problems plus lagging research and development add to the complications of business operations after the merger is finalized. Another factor that has played a significant role in the situation of state and federal government budgets now are government financial bailouts. The first of these was the Savings and Loan Bailout of 1989 due to more than half of America’s Savings and Loans failing between 1986 and 1989. This was primarily due to lax government lending policies. These business bailouts have directly affected the budget, deficits, and economic stability of our federal and state governments. The US passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act in October 2008 for a $700 billion financial sector bailout. This resulted in the bank rescue of 2008, which called for a $250 billion cash infusion into the banking system. The bailout of Bear Stearns in April 2008 ended in lending the firm $29 billion to JP Morgan to buy the troubled firm. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac collapsed in the late summer of 2008. The federal government committed up to $200 billion to save both these giant mortgage lenders. Also, $100 billion in cash credits was guaranteed to each of them to prevent bankruptcy. American International Group (AIG), who was one of the largest insurance companies in the world. The government took control of the company and guaranteed them $85 billion in loans.